PTTPE LDPE Project		2007 / 8
Project Background		Client: Simon-Carves
Simon-Carves Limited in co-operation with Toyo-Thai Corporation Ltd (TTCL) were awarded a contract by PTT Polyethylene Co Ltd (PTTPE) for the design, supply and construction of a LDPE (Low Density Poly Ethylene) plant in Map Ta Phut, Rayong Province, Thailand. The plant capacity is 300,000 tonnes per annum.

Summary of Process	Click here for a simplified diagram of the process.
The process (from Basell Polyolefines GmbH) is based on a high pressure tubular reactor. Ethylene, produced at the adjacent petro-chemical complex, is supplied to the plant and compressed using hyper-compressors to a pressure of around 3000 bar.
		The compressed Ethylene gas is preheated and passed through a number of tubular reactors into which organic peroxides are injected to initiate the reaction. The reactors are double pipe units with pressurised hot water flowing in the annuli. The polymerisation reaction is highly exothermal and the energy removed from the reaction is converted in to steam at various pressures for use within the LDPE plant and elsewhere on complex. Excess unused ethylene is separated after the reactors and recycled to the reactor feed system.
The polymer melt is mixed with additives in an extruder to yield the final product. Some ethylene is carried forward through the extruder and the pellets are degassed with air during intermediate storage prior to being sent to final product storage.
Polymer properties are controlled by the initiator, pressure, temperature profile and co-monomer content.
Specific Responsibilities Extrusion Passive Fire Protection
Extrusion Extrusion takes the molten polymer and converts it in to pellets. As part of this process, the bulk of the residual dissolved ethylene is removed by reduction of pressure in the feed zone of the main extruder. The degassed polymer is then forced by the screw of the main extruder (driven by a 3.4 MW motor) through the holes in a die plate into the granulator where it is rapidly quenched with water, cut in to pellets by rotating knives and transported away to the downstream pellet dryer by the this water. Polymer properties are adjusted by the addition of master batch polymer injected in to the main extruder from a satellite extruder and by the injection of liquid additives in to the main extruder.		Courtesy of KM Berstorff
Courtesy of KM Berstorff		A pressurised water system is used to control the temperature of the main extruder barrel. Steam and cooling water are also used to control other temperatures in the extrusion process.
Process Engineering of the extrusion area required ensuring the extruder vendor proprietary design was integrated in to the rest of the process, especially with respect to detailed checking of interlocks and emergency shutdown requirements for which there are around 200 inputs.
Passive Fire Protection A philosophy was written to define the requirements for the passive protection of process equipment and structures from the effects of fire (as opposed to active protection using fire-fighting / extinguishing media such as water). The main references for the philosophy were: q Licensor’s health safety and environmental criteria, q API 2218 “Fireproofing practices in petroleum and petrochemical processing plants”. q Dutch Committee for the Prevention of Disasters; PGS 8E (formerly CPR 3E) “Storage of Organic Peroxides” q Owner specifications. Experience gained on other Simon-Carves LDPE projects was also applied.			The extent of fireproofing was shown on layout and elevation drawings. This addressed protection of the following: · Plant structures. · Supporting structural parts of vessels and equipment. · Pipe racks and pipe supports. · Shut down / blow down valves and actuators. · Safety critical Instrument and electrical cabling.
Approximate Project Value US$ 123 Million Documents Produced P&IDs for Degassing extruder, Extruder motor (air purged), Satellite extruder and solids feed system, Granulator (pelletiser), Pressurised hot water system, Lube oil system, Hydraulic power pack, Liquid additives preparation and dosing. Passive Fire Protection Philosophy. Fire zone drawings. Specialist Software "InTools" for creating process specifications for instrumentation. "PDMS Reality Review" for 3D plant layout visualisation. "TASC5" for shell and tube heat exchanger design.			Hazards Considered Nitrogen asphyxiation Flammable liquids Explosive gases and vapours Design Reviews Model Reviews HazOp Studies SIL assessment. Problems Identified and Solved Thermite reaction issues. Nitrogen asphyxiation risk. Flash steam emissions. Safety relief scenarios. Liaison Other Engineers; Process, Control, Mechanical, Piping.
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